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Carbon monoxide

What is Carbon Monoxide (CO)?

  • Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, toxic, and flammable gas.
  • Liquid carbon monoxide is a cryogenic fluid.
  • Carbon monoxide can be found at -192 0C and atmospheric pressure.
  • Carbon monoxide is lethal in less than an hour if it has a concentration of more than 4% in the air.
  • Inhalation of high concentrations of this gas causes sudden and asymptomatic fainting.

Available grades:

  • Carbon monoxide is available in various grades from %98 to %99.99.
  • Existing grades of carbon monoxide are:

% 98.5,% 99,% 99.5,% 99.99

Tanks and maintenance:

  • Carbon monoxide is transported in cylinders, trailer tubes, and cryogenic bulk tanks.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  1. Ordinary steels and metals are compatible with dry, sulfur-free carbon monoxide.
  2. The presence of carbon dioxide impurities and moisture in carbon monoxide increases the corrosive properties of these gases.
  3. High-pressure plant equipment is usually made of copper.
  4. Copper is resistant to carbon monoxide.
  5. High-grade chromium steels are highly resistant to corrosion of carbon monoxide with sulfur impurities.
  6. Butyl rubber and chloro-fluoro-carbon polymers such as VITON should not be used due to swelling in carbon monoxide.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 28.01
steam pressure  760mmHg@ -191 0C
Gas density  1.161Kg/m3 @ 21.1 0C and 1 atm
Latent heat of vaporization at temperatures of -19100C and 1atm 215.8 KJ/Kg
Specific heat capacity at temperature

15.6 0C

At 1atm

 CP=1.037 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=0.7394 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.40
Critical temperature -140.2 0C
Critical pressure 4399 K.Pa
Solubility in water  0.035vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 0 0C and 1 atm
Explosion / ignition range in air  Flammable Gas

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Carbon monoxide

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

ُSafty

Classification of dangerous Products:

Dangerous Products Transport Information:

(For refrigerated liquid)   :UN 2201

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1016 UN 1016 UN 1016 UN NUMBER
Carbon monoxide, compressed Carbon monoxide, compressed Carbon monoxide, compressed UN SHIPPING NAME
2.3 2.3 2.3 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Hydrochloric acid

What is hydrochloric acid?

  • Hydrochloric acid is a gas that vaporizes strongly in the presence of moist air and has a very irritating effect on body tissues.
  • This gas has a very nasty, shooting, and suffocating smell and is transported in pressurized cylinders in the form of compressed gas with steam pressure 42 times at 21.1 0C.
  • In dry conditions, hydrochloric acid is inactive and non-corrosive.
  • It becomes very corrosive if it is exposed to hydrochloric acid in water.
  • HCl is rapidly dissolved in alcohol and ether.
  • At 1782 ° C, hydrochloric acid tends to decompose into its constituent elements, H and CL.

Available grades:

% 99.9995-% 99.999-% 99.995-% 99

Tanks and maintenance:

  • Dry hydrochloric acid is transported as gas in pressurized cylinders and tube trailers.
  • Cryogenic tanks are used when transported in liquid form.
  • The maximum weight allowed to charge HCl in the cylinders is %65 of the weight of the cylinder intake.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  1. Pipes, valves, and other equipment for direct use with hydrochloric acid must be made of stainless steel or cast steel, or low carbon steel.
  2. In some cases, carbon steel can also be used, provided the temperature is controlled and does not exceed 129 ° C.
  3. In the presence of HCl moisture will eat most metals.
  4. Teflon is resistant to this corrosion.
  5. Smaller valves, such as those used on cylinders, are made of aluminum-silicon-bronze or Monel dose with HCl.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 36.465
steam pressure 4227 K. Pa @ 21.1 0C
Gas density 1.634 Kg/m3 @ 0 0C and 1 atm
The latent heat of evaporation at the boiling point  443.1 KJ/Kg
Special heat capacity CP=0.8118 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=0.5757 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.41
Critical temperature 51.40C
Critical pressure 8260 KPa(a)
Boiling point   -850C 
Explosion / ignition range in air Poison Gas

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Acetylene

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

Updating

Kalrez
GAS Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Classification of dangerous Product:

Dangerous Product Transport Information:

(For refrigerated liquid)   :UN 2186

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1050 UN 1050 UN 1050 UN NUMBER
Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous UN SHIPPING NAME
2/3.8 2/3.8 2/3.8 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Nitrous oxide

What is Nitrous Oxide?

  • Nitrous oxide at room temperature and atmospheric pressure one have a colorless gas with a sweet odor and taste.
  • Nitrous oxide is not flammable but is involved in combustion.
  • This gas decomposes into nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures.
  • The decomposition process in the absence of catalysts at temperatures below 649 0C is negligible.
  • Nitrous oxide is slightly soluble in water, alcohol, and oils.
  • Nitrous oxide is most commonly used as an anesthetic gas.

Available grades:

% 99.5-% 99.998-% 99.999-% 99.9999

Tanks and maintenance:

  • Nitrous oxide can be stored and transported in all cylinders and tanks under the crust.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  1. Nitrous oxide is non-corrosive.
  2. This gas can be in the vicinity of many common metals.
  3. Due to the oxidizing property (ability to combine with oxygen) in nitrous oxide, all equipment used in the presence of nitrous oxide, especially at high pressure must be free of any combustible materials such as oil, grease, and other materials.
  4. Nitrous oxide can cause some elastomers to swell.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 44.0128
steam pressure  5150K. Pa @ 20 0C
Gas density  1.877Kg/m3 @ 15 0C and 1 atm
Latent heat evaporates at boiling point and 1atm 376.1 KJ/Kg
Specific heat capacity at temperature

25 0C

At 1atm

 CP=0.866 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=0.665 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.303
Critical temperature 360C
Critical pressure 1052 K.Pa
Solubility in water  1.3vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 0 0C and 1 atm
Explosion / ignition range in air  Non-Flammable Gas

 

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Nitrous oxide

 

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS

 

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Classification of dangerous products:

Dangerous ProductsTransport Information:

(For refrigerated liquid)   :UN 2201

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1070 UN 1070 UN 1070 UN NUMBER
Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide UN SHIPPING NAME
2.2/5.1 2.2/5.1 2.2/5.1 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Acetylene

What is acetylene?

  • Acetylene is a hydrocarbon and unsaturated gas.
  • Acetylene consists of two carbons with a triple bond to which each carbide is attached to hydrogen.
  • Acetylene is a colorless, odorless, flammable, and slightly lighter gas than air.

Available grades of acetylene:

  • Acetylene in both industrial and laboratory grades (Use for atomic absorption devices AA) is available.
  • The Industrial acetylene is %95.
  • The Acetylene AA is equal to %99.6.

Acetylene storage and transport tanks:

  • Although acetylene turns into a liquid under pressure, and refrigeration can easily solidify it.
  • it’s due to its high explosive properties for both liquid and solid acetylene, acetylene is transported and stored as a solution in acetone.
  • Acetylene storage and transport tanks have a porous sponge that is immersed in acetone solvent.
  • This is to prevent the accumulation of acetylene in the liquid phase and compressed form and Also to prevent the possibility of explosion.
  • Acetylene in acetone is traded by weight on an industrial scale.
  • Acetylene storage tanks are also referred to as the maximum rechargeable weight. Such as 9 pound, 12 pound, 15-pound tanks.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  1. Use of pipes, fittings, regulators, valves, etc. Which is Made of copper and silver or compounds with high levels of copper and silver as well as mercury for acetylene gas due to the possibility of explosion.
  2. The use of aluminum, stainless steel, carbon steel as well as polymers of neoprene, Whiton, Teflon, and Kel-F with acetylene is allowed.
  3. The use of cast iron fittings is not permitted.
  4. The use of rice with less than %65 copper and also nickel compounds for acetylene is allowed under normal conditions.

 

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 26.04
steam pressure 4378 K. Pa @ 21.1 0C
Gas density 1.1716 Kg/m3 @ 0 0C and 1 atm
The latent heat of evaporation at the boiling point  614 KJ/Kg
Special heat capacity CP=1.60 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=1.27 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.26
Critical temperature 360C
Critical pressure 6254 KPa(a)
Solubility in water No
Explosion / ignition range in air Flammable Gas

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Acetylene

 

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

Updating

Kalrez
GAS Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating

 

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Classification of dangerous Products:

Dangerous ProductsTransport Information:

 

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1001 UN 1001 UN 1001 UN NUMBER
Acetylene, dissolved Acetylene, dissolved Acetylene, dissolved UN SHIPPING NAME
2.1 2.1 2.1 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Carbon Dioxid

What is carbon dioxide?

  • Carbon dioxide is a combination of two oxygen atoms with one carbon atom.
  • At atmospheric pressure and temperature one, carbon dioxide is colorless and odorless.
  • Carbon dioxide is 1.5 times heavier than air and non-reactive and non-toxic and does not burn.
  • In the presence of water, It makes carbonic acid (H2CO3 ) Forms.
  • Carbon dioxide at the triple point and a temperature of -56.6 0C and also a Pa pressure can be in the form of liquid, gas, or solid at the same time.
  • At temperatures below the triple point; Carbon dioxide can be in both solid (dry ice) and gaseous forms.
  • The most important source of carbon dioxide production is burning fossil fuels.
  • Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas that warms the Earth’s atmosphere.
  • Global warming is due to greenhouse gases that considered to be the biggest human problem in the present age.

Available grades:

% 99.8-% 99.99-% 99.995

Carbon dioxide storage tanks:

  • Carbon dioxide is transported and stored as liquefied flat gas in conventional cylinders as well as cryogenic liquefied gas in cryogenic chambers.
  • Carbon dioxide is solidly weighed between 0.45 kg up to 22.7 kg in plastic bags or paper bags with very heavy paper, then transported in a heat-insulated tank.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  1. Dry carbon dioxide is an almost neutral and inert gas.
  2. The use of all industrial metals doesn’t have a problem with the presence of carbon dioxide in environmental conditions.
  3. Most polymers can be used in the presence of carbon dioxide at room temperature

 

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 44.01
steam pressure  5778K. Pa @ 21.1 0C
Gas density  1.833Kg/m3 @ 21.1 0C and 1 atm
Latent heat evaporates at boiling point and 1atm 234.5 KJ/Kg
Specific heat capacity at temperature

25 0C

At 1 atm

 CP=0.850 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=0.657 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.304
Critical temperature 31.10C
Critical pressure 7381.8 K.Pa
Solubility in water  0.90vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 200C and 1 atm
Explosion / ignition range in air  Non-Flammable Gas

 

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Carbon dioxide

 

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS

 

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Classification of dangerous Products:

Dangerous Products Transport Information:

(For refrigerated liquid)   :UN 2187

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1013 UN 1013 UN 1013 UN NUMBER
Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide UN SHIPPING NAME
2.2/(dry-ice)9.1 2.2/(dry-ice)9.1 2.2/(dry-ice)9.1 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Ethylene

What is Ethylene?

  • Ethylene is a colorless, flame retardant gas with a faint odor that is slightly sweet and resembles the smell of damp and rot.
  • This gas is non-toxic and has been used as an anesthetic in the past but isn’t currently used.
  • The dangerous effects of this gas are: igniting and causing suffocation and dormancy if it is replaced with air.

Available grades:

The minimum grade available for commercial and industrial purposes is %99.5 and its laboratory and technical grade

%99.99 -%99.96 – %99.5

Tanks and maintenance:

  • The maximum charge of ethylene in the cylinders is as follows:
  1. The weight percentage of the intake is 31% for cylinders with a working pressure of 123 bar, 35.5% for cylinders with a working pressure of 163 bar, and 35.5% for cylinders with a working pressure of 163 bar.
  2. Ethylene can also be transported in tube trailers, tanker trucks, and tanker trailers. It is also possible to transfer ethylene in bulk with the Pip Eline pipeline.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  • Due to the lack of corrosive properties in ethylene, ethylene can be used with any common metal.
  • The use of butyl rubber in the presence of ethane gas is not recommended.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 28.05
steam pressure 100 K. Pa @ -131.8 0C
Gas density 1.261 Kg/m3 @ 0 0C and 1 atm
The latent heat of evaporation at the boiling point 484 KJ/Kg
Specific heat capacity at temperature

15 0C

At 1 atm

 CP=1.516 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=1.220 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.243
Critical temperature 9.90C
Critical pressure 729.8 psig
Solubility in water 0.26 vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 0 0C and 1 atm
Explosion / ignition range in air  Flammable Gas

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Ethylene

 

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS

 

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Classification of dangerous Products:

Dangerous Products Transport Information:

 

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1962 UN 1962 UN 1962 UN NUMBER
Ethylene Ethylene Ethylene UN SHIPPING NAME
2.1 2.1 2.1 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Ethane

What is ethane?

  • Ethane is a colorless, odorless, and flammable gas.
  • Ethane is considered chemically inactive and non-toxic.

Available grades:

% 99.5 _ % 99.98

Ethane storage and transport tanks:

  • Ethane is charged, stored, and transported as pressurized gas in cylinders and pressure vessels with a working pressure of more than 123 times.
  • The maximum allowable capacity for filling ethane tanks is %35.8 of the reservoir weight.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  1. Ethane is not corrosive.
  2. It’s possible to use any metal in the construction of equipment in contact with ethane.
  3. The use of butyl rubber in the presence of ethane gas is not recommended.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 30.068
steam pressure  3751K.Pa@ 21.1 0C
Gas density  1.2799Kg/m3 @ 21.1 0C and 1 atm
Latent heat evaporates at boiling point and 1atm 489.41 KJ/Kg
Specific heat capacity at temperature

15.6 0C

At 1atm

 CP=1.7153 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=1.4356 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.192
Critical temperature 30.53 0C
Critical pressure 4884.1 K.Pa
Solubility in water  0.047vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 20 0C and 1 atm
Explosion / ignition range in air  Flammable Gas

 

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Ethane

 

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS

 

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Classification of dangerous Products:

Dangerous Products Transport Information:

(For refrigerated liquid)   :UN 2201

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1035 UN 1035 UN 1035 UN NUMBER
Ethane Ethane Ethane UN SHIPPING NAME
2.1 2.1 2.1 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Methane

What is Methane?

  • Methane is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and flammable gas.
  • Methane is the first member of paraffin (fat-saturated) hydrocarbons.
  • Methane is also a major component of natural gas.
  • Methane is soluble in alcohol and ether and slightly soluble in water.
  • Methane is transported as a gas in pressurized cylinders.
  • Liquid methane (the main component of natural gas LNG) is transported in cryogenic containers and trailers.

Available grades:

% 99-% 99.9-% 99.99-% 99.999

Tanks and maintenance:

  • Methane can be charged in any cylinder that can be used for non-liquefied gases.
  • This gas can also be transported in bulk through the pipeline.
  • Methane is transported at sea by ships with cryogenic reservoirs.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  1. Methane is non-corrosive and can be used in the presence of any ordinary metal.
  2. In the presence of liquid methane, carbon steel, and most steel alloys lose their malleability.
  3. Suitable metals for use with liquid methane are stainless steel 8-18 and austenitized alloys of nickel, chromium, copper, Monel, brass, and aluminum.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 16.042
steam pressure 3680 K. Pa @ -90 0C
Gas density 0.6784 Kg/m3 @ 15.6 0C and 1 atm
The latent heat of evaporation at the boiling point 509.91 KJ/Kg
Specific heat capacity at the temperature

15.6 0C

in 1 Atm

 CP=2.207 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=1.688 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.307
Critical temperature -82.1 0C
Critical pressure 4641 K.Pa
Solubility in water 35mg/L vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 170C and 1 atm
Boiling point -161.49 0C
Triple point -182.5 0C
Explosion / ignition range in air  Flammable Gas

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Methane

 

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS

 

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Classification of dangerous Products:

Dangerous Products Transport Information:

(For refrigerated liquid)   :UN 1972

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1971 UN 1971 UN 1971 UN NUMBER
Methane, compressed or Natural gas Methane, compressed or Natural gas Methane, compressed or Natural gas, compressed (with high methane content) UN SHIPPING NAME
2.1 2.1 2.1 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Ammonia

What is Ammonia?

  • Ammonia is a combination of the two gaseous elements hydrogen and nitrogen.
  • The bond ratio of three hydrogen molecules to one nitrogen molecule is formed.
  • The chemical formula of ammonia Is NH3.

Ammonia storage and transport tanks:

  • Moisture-free (dry) ammonia is available in the form of pressurized gas in cylinders, cryogenic tanks, and non -cryogenic tanks.
  • Also, dry ammonia is stored in bulk tanks with a large volume and installed on the ground.
  • The large storage tanks, which are not usually installed on the ground, have very low pressure and have a cooling cycle as well as thermal insulation.

Ammonia grades:

Acceptable grades used in various industries are:

%99.98

Technical grade

 %99.5

Commercial grade
%99.995

Metallurgical grade

 %99.7

Agricultural grade
%99.999

Semiconductor Industry Grade

 %99.95

Refrigeration grade

Almost %80 of the total ammonia produced is used in the fertilizer industry.

Safety precautions

  1. People with chronic illnesses or long-term allergies should not be hired where there is ammonia.
  2. Ammonia ions are in fact a phenomenon of the biological system, yet ammonia in the atmosphere has a very stimulating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs.
  3. Too much ammonia can have destructive effects on tissues.
  4. Too much ammonia can lead to laryngeal and bronchial problems.
  5. Too much ammonia can cause edema and Obstruction of breathing.

Compatible and incompatible materials:

  • Ammonia doesn’t affect most metals without moisture.
  • When ammonia combines with water vapor; Affects copper, zinc, and their alloys.
  • The use of copper, zinc, silver, and their alloys in the manufacture of ammonia tanks is prohibited.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 17.031
steam pressure 786.7 K. Pa @ 21.1 0C
Gas density 0.771 Kg/m3 @ 0 0C and 1 atm
Latent heat evaporates at boiling point and 1atm 1370 KJ/Kg
Specific heat capacity at temperature

15 0C

at 1atm

 CP=2.19 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=1.673 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.3096
Critical temperature 133.00C
Critical pressure 11425 K.Pa(a)
Solubility in water %47 vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 0 0C and 1 atm
Explosion / ignition range in air corrosive gas

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Ammonia

 

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS

 

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Dangerous products classification:

Dangerous Products Transport Information:

 

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1005 UN 1005 UN 1005 UN NUMBER
Ammonia, anhydrous Ammonia, anhydrous Ammonia, anhydrous UN SHIPPING NAME
2.4 , 9.2 2.4 , 9.2 2.4 , 9.2 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

Neon

What is Neon?

  • Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and the atomic number 10.
  • This element Can be found in nature as a colorless gas.
  • Electric discharge emits a reddish-neon color, which shows that why neon lamps have a wide range of advertising uses.
  • Neon has 40 times the cooling properties of liquid helium and 3 times the liquid hydrogen, and it’s also used in the refrigeration industry.
  • Although neon is an inert gas in many practical cases, in combination with fluorine in the laboratory, it produces interesting colored compounds.
  • The above action suggests that the neon compound exists naturally; However, the evidence says that this hypothesis may be true or may not be true.
  • Neon is a very dangerous and deadly gas.
  • This gas can cause severe suffocation.

Physical properties

Molecular Weight 20.183
steam pressure 100 K. Pa @ -246.15 0C
Gas density 0.83536 Kg/m3 @ 21.1 0C and 1 atm
Latent heat of vaporization at boiling point (triple point) 16.6 KJ/Kg
Special heat capacity CP=1.05 KJ/Kg.0C

CV=0.636 KJ/Kg.0C

CP/CV=1.64
Critical temperature -228.8 0C
Critical pressure 2654 KPa(a)
Solubility in water 0.0105 vol.(gas)/Vol.(Water) at 200C and 1 atm
Explosion / ignition range in air  Non-Flammable Gas

Compatibility with materials

Material Compatibility of Neon

METALS PLASTICS ELASTOMERS

Brass

CARBON STEEL

StainLess Steel

Alumium

Zinc

CoPPER

Monel

Kel-F

Teflon

Tefzel

Kynar

PVC

Polycarbonate

 Viton® Buna-N Neoprene Polyurethane

O

Kalrez
GAS Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating Updating

S – Satisfactory for use with the intended gas
C – Conditional. May be incompatible under some circumstances or conditions Contact your Praxair representative for additional information
U – Unsatisfactory for use with the intended gas
I – Insufficient data available to determine compatibility with the intended gas
O – All nonmetalic, even those considered compatible, may be ignitable in oxygen enriched environments or in other oxidizing gases. Successful
use depends upon oxygen purity, pressure, temperature, cleanliness and elimination of ignition mechanisms. Please contact your Praxair
Representative for additional information

Safty

Dangerous Products classification:

Dangerous Products Transport Information:

(For refrigerated liquid)   :UN 1913

IATA IMDG DOT
UN 1065 UN 1065 UN 1065 UN NUMBER
Neon, compressed Neon, compressed Neon, compressed UN SHIPPING NAME
2.2 2.2 2.2 TRANSPORT HAZARD CLASS
NO NO NO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

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